The Real Difference Between Alzheimer’s and Dementia

If you’re supporting an aging parent or trying to make sense of early memory loss in someone close to you, understanding the difference isn’t just about semantics. It’s about knowing what to expect, how to plan, and where to find the right kind of support.

In this guide, we’ll break down what you need to know without the clinical jargon.

What Is Dementia?

Many people think that dementia is a specific disease: this is actually a common myth. Actually, dementia is more of an umbrella term. It describes a range of symptoms that impact memory, reasoning, language, and the ability to perform everyday tasks. Think of it like a category of cognitive decline rather than a specific diagnosis.

Common symptoms of diseases under the “dementia” umbrella include:

Memory loss that disrupts daily life
Difficulty communicating or finding words
Problems with focus, reasoning, or decision-making
Confusion about time or place
Changes in mood, personality, or behavior

Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells, and there are several types. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common, but others include:

Vascular dementia, which can occur after a stroke or from reduced blood flow to the brain.
Lewy body dementia, which often includes hallucinations and sleep issues.
Frontotemporal dementia, which typically starts with personality or behavior changes rather than memory loss.

In short: dementia describes what’s happening. The exact why depends on the root cause.

What Is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s is the most common cause of dementia, responsible for about 60–80% of all cases. It’s a specific disease that causes dementia symptoms to gradually worsen over time.

Here’s what makes Alzheimer’s distinct:

It typically starts in the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center.
The brain builds up abnormal protein clumps—amyloid plaques and tau tangles—that disrupt communication between brain cells.
It follows a relatively predictable path from mild forgetfulness to severe confusion and loss of independence.

Many types of dementia can look alike early on, but Alzheimer’s has its own biological fingerprint and progression timeline. It’s also the most researched form of dementia, with new treatments in development aimed at slowing or modifying the disease’s course. Not all memory issues mean Alzheimer’s. But if cognitive changes are worsening over time, it’s worth talking to a healthcare provider.

Not sure where your loved one fits in? Check out our guide A Family’s Guide to Alzheimer’s, to better understand the journey ahead and what steps to take next.

Learn Next Steps

Understanding the Difference Between Alzheimer’s and Dementia for Families

When someone you love starts changing, you want answers. Knowing the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia can help you act sooner and with more clarity.

Here’s why the distinction matters:

Diagnosis informs treatment: Alzheimer’s medications may not help with other forms of dementia, and vice versa. Getting the right diagnosis can lead to better care plans.
Planning becomes more effective: Alzheimer’s tends to follow a slow, steady decline. Other dementias may progress faster or in different patterns.
Support is more targeted: Support groups, clinical trials, and caregiving resources often specialize in one type of dementia. Knowing the diagnosis means you can tap into the right network.
Families can emotionally prepare: Each diagnosis carries its own expectations. Clear information helps families cope, grieve, and move forward with purpose.

In short, knowing what you’re dealing with opens the door to the help you need.

What to Do If You Notice Symptoms in a Loved One

If your gut is telling you something’s wrong, trust it, but proceed with compassion.

Start by gently naming what you’ve observed. Say something like:

“I’ve noticed you’ve been repeating stories more often, have you noticed that, too?”

It’s okay if the conversation doesn’t lead to immediate action. What matters is keeping the lines of communication open. Practical next steps include:

Scheduling a checkup: A primary care provider can do basic cognitive screenings and, if needed, refer you to a neurologist or memory clinic.
Starting documentation: Write down what you’re seeing and when—especially memory lapses, confusion, or behavior changes.
Researching carefully: Stick to reputable sources like the Alzheimer’s Association or Mayo Clinic.
Avoiding self-diagnosis: Google won’t give you closure. Only a medical professional can diagnose Alzheimer’s or dementia properly.

Early action gives families more time to plan and opens doors to treatments and resources.

FAQs: Alzheimer’s vs. Dementia

Is dementia a normal part of aging?

No. Occasional forgetfulness is normal. Dementia is more serious—it affects day-to-day functioning and is caused by disease.

Can you have both Alzheimer’s and another dementia?

Yes. This is called mixed dementia and is particularly common in older adults.

How do doctors tell the difference between Alzheimer’s and dementia?

Through memory tests, medical history, bloodwork, brain scans, and in some cases, spinal fluid testing.

Is there a cure?

No cure exists yet, but treatments can manage symptoms, and researchers are actively pursuing new therapies.

Where can I find support?

Start with the Alzheimer’s Association, local senior services, or health systems with memory care navigation programs.

Final Thoughts: You’re Not Alone

It’s okay to feel overwhelmed. Just remember, you don’t have to figure it out alone.

At Daugherty Enterprises, we’re dedicated to giving families the support, education, and resources they need at every step of the Alzheimer’s journey. Whether you’re looking for practical guides, care navigation, or simply a reminder that someone’s in your corner, we’re here.

For more resources, continue exploring our blog.